on Strengthening Science and Technology Education in Primary and Secondary Schools
Jiaoji [2025] No. 7
教育部等七部门
关于加强中小学科技教育的意见
教基〔2025〕7号
http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A06/jcys_jyzb/202511/t20251111_1419878.html
Strengthening science and technology education in primary and secondary schools is an important pathway to serving the national innovation-driven development strategy and cultivating future sci-tech innovation talent. In order to thoroughly implement the guiding principles of the 20th CPC National Congress and the plenary sessions of the 20th CPC Central Committee, fully implement the spirit of the National Education Conference and the requirements of the “Plan for Building China into an Educational Power (2024–2035),” and with a focus on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, we hereby put forward the following opinions to effectively strengthen science and technology education in primary and secondary schools, consolidate the foundation for cultivating sci-tech innovation talent, boost high-level self-reliance and strength in science and technology, and support the high-quality, integrated development of education, science and technology, and human resources.
加强中小学科技教育是服务国家创新驱动发展战略、培养未来科技创新人才的重要路径。为深入贯彻党的二十大和二十届历次全会精神，全面落实全国教育大会精神和《教育强国建设规划纲要（2024—2035年）》部署要求，以科学、技术、工程、数学为重点，切实加强中小学科技教育，夯实科技创新人才培育基础，助力高水平科技自立自强，支撑教育、科技、人才高质量一体化发展，现提出以下意见。
一、总体要求
Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, focusing on the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education, and upholding the principles of overall planning with pilot first, preserving the fundamental while innovating, following educational规律, promoting all-round development and interdisciplinary integration, combining learning with application, and advancing in a categorized, local-condition-based manner, we will comprehensively strengthen science and technology education in primary and secondary schools and promote the transformation of education and teaching methods.
以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，聚焦立德树人根本任务，坚持统筹规划、试点先行，坚持守正创新、遵循规律，坚持全面发展、学科融通，坚持学用结合、知行合一，坚持因地制宜、分类推进，全面加强中小学科技教育，推动育人方式变革。
By 2030, a basic system of science and technology education in primary and secondary schools will be established, the curriculum system will be further improved, teaching reform will continue to deepen, and systems for evaluation and condition保障 will basically be in place, with further strengthening of the teaching force. By 2035, an ecosystem for science and technology education will be fully built, social-resource support mechanisms will be steadily improved, project-based, inquiry-based, and interdisciplinary teaching methods oriented toward real-world scenarios will be widely used, and students’ abilities to comprehensively apply knowledge and skills in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, to engage in hands-on practice, and to solve problems will be significantly improved, so as to better meet the people’s desire for fair and high-quality education and better support the building of an educational power.
到2030年，中小学科技教育体系基本建立，课程体系进一步完善，教学改革不断深化，评价和条件保障制度基本建立，教师队伍建设进一步加强。到2035年，科技教育生态系统全面构建，社会资源支持机制不断健全，以实用场景为对象的项目式、探究式、跨学科教学方式普遍应用，学生综合运用科学、技术、工程、数学等学科知识与技能，动手实践、解决问题的能力明显提升，更好满足人民群众接受公平优质教育的愿望，更好支撑教育强国建设。
二、构建协同贯通的育人体系
Fostering an interest in science. At the lower grades of primary school, the focus is on perception, experience, and interest-building; through life-oriented and game-based scenario design, students’ curiosity and desire to explore are stimulated. At the middle and upper grades of primary school, the focus is on conceptual understanding and hands-on inquiry; on the basis of protecting students’ curiosity, practical activities such as science experiments and project tasks are carried out to begin establishing interdisciplinary connections and to strengthen the interest-oriented “learning by doing” pathway. At the junior secondary stage, the focus is on practical inquiry and technological application; interdisciplinary project-based learning is carried out around “solving real problems,” guiding students from recognizing phenomena to exploring规律 and acquiring methods. At the senior secondary stage, the focus is on experimental inquiry and engineering practice; students are guided to understand the latest developments at the frontiers of science and technology, encouraged to carry out experiment-based inquiry and small engineering practice projects in real contexts, and helped to systematically master the basic process and core methods of scientific research.
1.培养科学兴趣。小学低年级段侧重感知体验和兴趣培养，通过生活化、游戏化的情景设计，激发学生的好奇心和探知欲。小学中高年级段侧重概念理解和动手探究，在保护学生好奇心的基础上，通过开展科学实验、项目任务等实践活动，初步建立跨学科联系，强化以兴趣为导向的“做中学”实践路径。初中阶段侧重实践探究和技术应用，围绕“解决真实问题”开展跨学科项目式学习，引导学生从现象认知逐步转向规律探究和方法习得。高中阶段侧重实验探究和工程实践，引导学生了解科技前沿动态，鼓励开展基于真实情境的实验探究和小型工程实践项目，帮助学生系统掌握科学研究的基本流程与核心方法。
Cultivating a scientific spirit. Schools are to be guided to incorporate the coordinated development of science and technology education and humanities education into their overall planning, strengthen interdisciplinary integration, and promote the nurturing of humanistic feelings in the process of exploring scientific规律, and the cultivation of rational thinking and an innovative spirit through humanistic immersion. Humanistic elements should be integrated into science and technology education to guide students, in science experiments, project inquiries and other activities, to actively think about the far-reaching impact of technological development on society, the environment, and ethics, thereby enhancing their sense of social responsibility and humanistic grounding. Scientific thinking and scientific spirit should be permeated into humanities education; through content such as the history of science and technology and stories about scientists, students should be helped to understand the role of technological progress in advancing human civilization, to cultivate critical thinking and innovation awareness, and to提升 the scientific rationality contained in humanistic literacy. A campus cultural atmosphere that advocates science and respects the humanities should be actively created, so as to build a sound ecology in which science and the humanities are organically unified and work together to cultivate people, and to comprehensively提升 students’ core literacies.
2.培育科学精神。指导学校将科技教育与人文教育协同发展纳入整体规划，强化跨学科融合，推动学生在探究科学规律的过程中涵养人文情怀，在人文浸润中培育理性思维与创新精神。在科技教育中融入人文元素，引导学生在科学实验、项目探究等活动中，主动思考科技发展对社会、环境及伦理的深远影响，增强社会责任感与人文底蕴。在人文教育中渗透科学思维与科学精神，通过科技史、科学家事迹等内容，帮助学生理解科技进步对人类文明的推动作用，培养批判性思维与创新意识，提升人文素养中蕴含的科学理性。积极营造崇尚科学、尊重人文的校园文化氛围，构建科技与人文有机统一、协同育人的良好生态，全面提升学生核心素养。
三、建设开放融合的课程生态和教学方式