Translated by Claude, edited by Sinocism.com

Leading the Development of Future Industries Through High-Level Self-Reliance in Science and Technology

以高水平科技自立自强引领未来产业发展

Source: Qiushi | Author: Yin Hejun | 2026-06-01

Author: Party Secretary and Minister of Science and Technology

The Fourth Plenum of the 20th Party Congress proposed "forward-looking layout of future industries" and called for "promoting quantum science and technology, biomanufacturing, hydrogen energy and nuclear fusion energy, brain-computer interfaces, embodied intelligence, and sixth-generation mobile communications to become new sources of economic growth." On January 30, 2026, at the 24th collective study session of the 20th Politburo, General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered an important speech profoundly expounding the major significance of cultivating and developing future industries, and made systematic arrangements around strengthening industrial coordination, intensifying efforts on key core technology breakthroughs, giving play to the principal role of enterprises, improving policy support, and improving the governance system — providing scientific guidance and a fundamental basis for using high-level self-reliance in science and technology to lead the development of future industries in the new era.

党的二十届四中全会提出要"前瞻布局未来产业"，"推动量子科技、生物制造、氢能和核聚变能、脑机接口、具身智能、第六代移动通信等成为新的经济增长点"。2026年1月30日，习近平总书记在二十届中央政治局第二十四次集体学习时发表重要讲话，深刻阐明培育发展未来产业的重大意义，围绕强化产业协同、加大关键核心技术攻关力度、发挥企业主体作用、完善政策支持、健全治理体系等方面作出系统部署，为新时代以高水平科技自立自强引领未来产业发展提供了科学指引和根本遵循。

I. A New Round of Scientific and Technological Revolution and Industrial Transformation Is Accelerating, Driving Rapid Development of Future Industries

一、新一轮科技革命和产业变革正在加速突破，推动未来产业快速发展

The root of future industries lies in science and technology. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: "The extent of scientific and technological breakthroughs largely determines the speed, breadth, and depth of future industries." Looking across history, every scientific and technological revolution has triggered industrial transformation, incubating a group of future industries critical to the overall strategic situation and long-term development — exerting a major impact on human ways of production and life and on economic and social development, and driving the rise and fall of great powers. What distinguishes the present from previous scientific and technological revolutions is that this round, represented by artificial intelligence, is breaking through at accelerating speed, and global science and technology innovation has entered an unprecedented period of dense activity.

未来产业的根子在科技。习近平总书记指出："科技突破的程度，很大程度上决定未来产业发展的速度、广度、深度。"纵观历史，每一次科技革命都会引发产业变革，孕育出一批事关战略全局和长远发展的未来产业，对人类生产生活方式、经济社会发展产生重大影响，引发大国兴衰更替。与以往历次科技革命不同的是，这次以人工智能为代表的新一轮科技革命和产业变革加速突破，全球科技创新进入空前密集活跃期。

Scientific research is expanding toward the ultra-macro, deepening toward the ultra-micro, advancing toward extreme conditions, and pushing forward toward high comprehensive integration, continually expanding the boundaries of human cognition. The conversion cycle for basic research has clearly shortened; the boundaries between basic research, applied research, and technology development are increasingly blurred; non-linear interactions are becoming more frequent; and major scientific and technological breakthroughs increasingly trend toward mutual reinforcement and integrated development of scientific discovery, technological invention, and product creation. AI empowering scientific research is driving a paradigm shift in research methods, showing immense potential in enhancing research efficiency and accelerating scientific discovery and technological breakthroughs, and will open up disruptive technology paths and entirely new development spaces for future industries.

科学研究向极宏观拓展、向极微观深入、向极端条件迈进、向极综合交叉发力，不断拓展人类认知边界。基础研究转化周期明显缩短，基础研究、应用研究和技术开发的边界越来越模糊，非线性互动更加频繁，重大科技突破越来越趋向于科学发现、技术发明和产品创造的相互促进、融合发展。人工智能赋能科学研究正在推动科研范式变革，在提升科研效率、加速科学发现和技术突破等方面展现出巨大潜能，将为未来产业开辟颠覆性技术路径与全新发展空间。

Frontier technologies are showing a trend of accelerated breakthroughs, cross-disciplinary integration, and group-level leaps, and are giving birth to new modes of production, industrial forms, and development models. Artificial intelligence is advancing along multiple parallel pathways, iterating at accelerating speed, and progressing from specialized intelligence toward general intelligence and toward the integration of general and specialized models, with intelligent agents emerging as an important new direction; embodied intelligence is expected to become the breakthrough point for connecting AI to physical entities, accelerating the industrialization of humanoid robots and the like. Quantum science and technology has entered a critical period in which research breakthroughs, engineering applications, and industrial cultivation are advancing in an integrated manner, with the prospect of bringing about major technological transformation and disruptive innovative applications in communication, computing, and precision measurement, and giving rise to new industries and new business models. Biotechnology has entered an era of precision regulation; gene editing, cell therapy, and synthetic biology will bring all-new changes to biopharmaceuticals, biochemicals, and bio-agriculture, driving the sustained development of a bioeconomy at the trillion-yuan scale. Brain-computer interface technology is steadily advancing along the two main directions of brain readout and brain input, with industrial applications speeding up markedly and entering a new stage of rapid growth. Frontier technologies are accelerating cross-penetration and integration, leading a chain-like transformation in which multi-technology clusters break through at multiple points, support one another, and advance in parallel, continually giving rise to new industry directions.

前沿技术呈现加速突破、交叉融合和群体跃升态势，正在催生新的生产方式、产业形态和发展模式。人工智能多路线并进、加速迭代，正从专用智能向通用智能、通专融合迈进，智能体成为新的重要方向，具身智能有望成为打通物理实体人工智能的突破口，推动人形机器人等加速产业化。量子科技已进入科技攻关、工程应用与产业培育一体推进的关键期，有望在通信、计算、精密测量等领域带来重大技术变革和颠覆性创新应用，形成新产业新业态。生物技术进入精准调控时代，基因编辑、细胞治疗、合成生物学等将给生物医药、生物化工、生物农业带来全新变革，推动万亿规模的生物经济持续发展。脑机接口技术正沿着脑读取与脑输入两大方向稳步演进，产业化应用显著提速，进入快速增长新阶段。前沿技术之间加速渗透融合，正引领多技术群多点突破、相互支撑、齐头并进的链式变革，不断催生新的产业方向。

Science and technology innovation has entered a new phase of high complexity and systematization, and a highly coordinated R&D organizational model is taking shape. The scope and forms of science and technology innovation activities are growing wider and more diverse; the comprehensiveness and complexity of basic-science research and frontier technology research are markedly rising; reliance on advanced large-scale scientific instruments and facilities is increasing; and there is an ever greater need for organized, structured research teams to undertake joint breakthroughs. High-level technology-leading enterprises with global influence are continually emerging, persistently strengthening R&D layouts in frontier fields, integrating innovation resources across the upstream and downstream of industrial chains, research institutes, and universities, and connecting the full chain from basic research through technological breakthrough to industrialization — becoming key hubs in research organization and the conversion of results, and serving both as the leading force driving future industries and as an important marker of a country or region's outstanding innovation capability.

科技创新进入高度复杂化系统化新阶段，高度协同的研发组织模式正在形成。科技创新活动的范围与形式日趋扩大和多样，基础科学研究和前沿技术攻关的综合性和复杂性显著提升，越来越依靠先进的大型科学装置和设备，越来越需要成建制有组织的科研团队联合攻关。具有全球影响力的高水平科技领军企业不断涌现，持续强化前沿领域研发布局，整合产业链上下游、科研院所与高校等创新资源，贯通基础研究、技术攻关与产业化全链条，成为科研组织和成果转化的关键枢纽，既是引领未来产业发展的主导力量，也是一个国家和地区具有卓越创新能力的重要标志。

In the face of the major development opportunities brought by the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, whoever can more quickly achieve more "0 to 1" breakthroughs and drive the transformation of original, disruptive S&T results from "1 to N" in industrial terms will be able to fully command the initiative in future industries and strategic competition. At present, the world's major powers all attach great importance to strategic layout in frontier S&T fields and are accelerating the cultivation and development of future industries to seize advantageous positions in global S&T and industrial competition. The Outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan emphasizes that, focusing on the key areas leading future development, we must build a full-chain cultivation system for future industries. We must, with the urgency of "not advancing is to retreat, advancing slowly is also to retreat," accurately grasp the inherent laws and development trends of the scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, continually enhance science and technology innovation capabilities, and elevate the competitiveness of future industries.

面对新一轮科技革命和产业变革带来的重大发展机遇，谁能更快实现更多的"从0到1"科技突破，推动原创性、颠覆性科技成果实现"从1到N"的产业嘵变，谁就能全面掌控未来产业发展和战略竞争的主导权。当前，世界主要大国高度重视前沿科技领域战略部署，加快培育发展未来产业，抢占全球科技和产业竞争有利位势。"十五五"规划纲要强调，瘴准引领未来发展重点领域，构建未来产业全链条培育体系。我们必须以"不进则退、慢进亦退"的紧迫感，准确把握科技革命和产业变革的内在规律和发展趋势，持续增强科技创新能力，提升未来产业竞争力。